Field methods to assess pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese
Nyeland, J., Fox, A.D., Kahlert, J. & Therkildsen, O.R. 2003: Field methods to assess pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese. - Wildl. Biol. 9: 155-159.
In this paper, we report two new simple field methods to assess changes in pectoral muscle mass in live moulting geese. In the first method, transverse chest profiles of Canada geese Branta canadensis and greylag geese Anser anser were recorded using soldering wire. This standard measure of the chest angle showed a highly significant relationship with actual pectoral muscle mass. Chest angle measures showed a highly significant polynomial correlation with an index of moult stage, i.e. length of the ninth primary (p9). This indicated an initial slight decline in pectoral muscle mass as p9 length increased, followed by an increase in muscle mass in preparation for regaining the ability to fly. In the second method, visual pectoral profile scores from 0 (thin pectoral muscles concave) to 3 (convex bulky) recorded at distances using telescope or binoculars also proved to be useful as a field measure of pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese. Hence, the first method provides a non-consumptive means of predicting pectoral muscle mass in moulting geese without the need to dissect birds, and the second method enables field prediction of muscle mass in moulting geese without resort to capture of birds.
Key words: atrophy, Canada geese, greylag geese, hypertrophy, moult
Jens Nyeland*, University of Copenhagen, Department of Population Ecology, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark - e-mail: jny@natur.gl
Anthony D. Fox, Johnny Kahlert & Ole R. Therkildsen, National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity, Grenåvej 12-14, Kalø, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark - e-mail addresses: tfo@dmu.dk (Anthony D. Fox); jok@dmu.dk (Johnny Kahlert); oth@dmu.dk (Ole R. Therkildsen)
*Present address: Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 570, DK-3900, Nuuk, Greenland
Corresponding author: Jens Nyeland
Received 12 November 2001, accepted 9 August 2002
Associate Editor: Hannu Pöysä